Gabatarwa ga Ƙa'idar Aiki na Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane:
RO shine gajartawar Reverse Osmosis a Turanci kuma tana nufin anti-osmosis a cikin Sinanci.Gabaɗaya, motsin ƙwayoyin ruwa yana daga ƙananan hankali zuwa babban taro.Duk da haka, lokacin da aka yi amfani da matsi a gefen shiga, yanayin motsi na kwayoyin ruwa yana juyawa, daga babban taro zuwa ƙananan hankali, don haka sunan yana juyawa osmosis.
Ka'idar RO membrane: RO membrane, kuma aka sani da reverse osmosis membrane, fasaha ce da ke raba ruwa mai girma fiye da girman rami na membrane ta hanyar bambancin matsa lamba a matsayin ƙarfin tuƙi.Liquid da ke jurewa tacewar membrane yana fuskantar matsin lamba.Lokacin da matsa lamba ya wuce matsi na osmotic na membrane RO, ruwan zai shiga cikin kishiyar shugabanci.Ruwan da ya fi ƙanƙara fiye da girman pore za a fitar da shi a lokacin aikin ƙaddamarwa, yayin da ruwan da ke da matsayi mafi girma fiye da girman pore za a toshe shi ta hanyar membrane kuma ya fitar da shi ta hanyar tashar ruwa mai mahimmanci.Waɗannan ayyuka suna aiki don tsarkakewa, rarrabewa da tattara ainihin ruwa.
Mahimman alamun aiki na RO membrane sune yawan raguwar ruwa, saurin ruwa, da ƙimar dawowa.Matsakaicin ƙaddamarwa yana nufin matakin tsabta wanda membrane ya shiga tsakani ions, tare da mafi girman adadin da aka samu lokacin da ya katse ions da kyau.Wani mahimmin alamar aiki shine juyi, wanda ke nufin adadin ƙwayoyin ruwa waɗanda zasu iya ratsawa ta wani yanki na membrane.Mafi girman juyi, mafi kyawun aikin membrane.Matsakaicin farfadowa, a gefe guda, yana nufin rabon ruwa mai tsabta don mayar da hankali yayin da membrane ke aiki, tare da mafi girman rabo yana nuna mafi kyawun aikin membrane.
Saboda waɗannan mahimman halaye guda uku na RO membranes, haɓakar RO membranes an shiryar da su zuwa ga cimma nasara a cikin yawan adadin kuzari, samar da ruwa mai yawa, da yawan farfadowa, kowannensu na iya samar da fa'idodin tattalin arziki mai mahimmanci.
Don jujjuya abubuwan membrane osmosis, a mafi yawan lokuta tushen ruwa ba zai iya shiga cikin abubuwan kai tsaye ba saboda ƙazantattun da ke cikin na iya gurɓata membrane kuma suna shafar tsayayyen aiki na tsarin da tsawon rayuwar ƙwayar membrane.Pre-jiyya shine tsarin magance danyen ruwa bisa ga halaye na ƙazanta a cikinsa, tare da matakan da suka dace, don ya dace da buƙatun shigar da abubuwa masu juyawa na osmosis membrane.Domin yana samuwa kafin osmosis a cikin dukkanin tsarin kula da ruwa, ana kiran shi pre-treatment.
Manufar pre-jiyya a baya osmosis tsarin shi ne: 1) hana membrane surface gurbatawa, watau hana dakatar da datti, microorganisms, colloidal abubuwa, da dai sauransu daga attaching zuwa membrane surface ko toshe ruwa kwarara tashar na membrane kashi;2) hana skewers a kan membrane surface.A lokacin aiki na na'urar osmosis na baya, wasu gishiri masu wuya-zuwa-narke irin su CaCO3, CaSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4, CaF2 na iya ajiyewa a saman membrane saboda maida hankali na ruwa, don haka ya zama dole don hana samuwar waɗannan wahalar- don-narke gishiri;
3) tabbatar da cewa membrane ba a fuskantar lalacewar injiniya ko sinadarai, don haka membrane yana da kyakkyawan aiki da isasshen tsawon rayuwa.
Zaɓin hanyoyin magancewa don tsarin juyayi osmosis shine kamar haka:
1) Don ruwan saman tare da abin da aka dakatar da daskararru na kasa da 50mg/L, ana iya amfani da hanyar tacewa kai tsaye;
2) Don ruwan saman da aka dakatar da daskararru fiye da 50mg / L, ana iya amfani da coagulation, bayani, hanyar tacewa;
3) Don ruwan ƙasa tare da abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe ƙasa da 0.3mg / L da kuma dakatarwar daskararrun abun ciki na ƙasa da 20mg/L, ana iya amfani da hanyar tacewa kai tsaye;
4) Don ruwan ƙasa tare da abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe ƙasa da 0.3mg/L da kuma dakatar da daskararru fiye da 20mg/L, ana iya amfani da hanyar tacewa kai tsaye;
5) Don ruwan ƙasa tare da abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe fiye da 0.3mg/L, oxidation da cire ƙarfe ya kamata a yi la'akari da su, sannan ta hanyar tacewa kai tsaye ko tsarin tacewa kai tsaye.Lokacin da abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta na danyen ruwa ya yi girma, ana iya amfani da chlorination, coagulation, bayani da tacewa don magani.Lokacin da wannan magani bai isa ba, ana iya amfani da tacewa carbon da aka kunna don cire kwayoyin halitta.Lokacin da taurin danyen ruwa ya yi girma kuma CaCO3 zai ci gaba da daidaitawa a kan bangon osmosis membrane bayan jiyya, ana iya amfani da laushi ko lemun tsami.Lokacin da sauran gishiri masu wuyar narkewa suka yi hazo da sikeli a cikin tsarin RO, ya kamata a yi amfani da abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi.Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa barium da strontium bazai kasance koyaushe a cikin nazarin ruwa mai ƙarfi ba.Duk da haka, ko da a cikin ƙananan ƙididdiga, suna iya sauƙi samar da ma'auni akan fuskar membrane muddin abun cikin sulfate a cikin ruwa ya fi 0.01mg/L.Wadannan ma'auni suna da wuyar tsaftacewa kuma saboda haka ya kamata a hana su daga kafawa a kan membrane kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Lokacin da abun ciki na silica a cikin danyen ruwa ya yi girma, ana iya ƙara lemun tsami, magnesium oxide (ko farin foda) don magani.Lokacin da adadin silica a cikin ruwan abinci na RO ya fi 20mg/L, dole ne a yi ƙima mai ƙima.Domin yana da wuya a tsaftace ma'aunin silica, yana da matukar muhimmanci don hana shi daga kafawa akan membrane.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-01-2023